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Câu 1 : Tìm x :
1. \(A=x^2+4x-2\)
\(A=x^2+2.x.2+2^2-2^2-2\)
\(A=\left(x^2+4x+2^2\right)-4-2\)
\(A=\left(x+2\right)^2-6\)
\(\left(x+2\right)^2-6\ge-6\)
MIn A= -6 khi \(\left(x+2\right)^2=0\)
=> \(x+2=0hayx=-2\)
Vậy x=2
những câu tiếp theo làm tg tự như thế nhé
Câu 1:
a) Ta có: \(A=x^2+4x-2\)
\(=x^2+4x+4-6\)
\(=\left(x+2\right)^2-6\)
Ta có: \(\left(x+2\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+2\right)^2-6\ge-6\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi
\(\left(x+2\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x+2=0\Leftrightarrow x=-2\)
Vậy: x=-2
b) Ta có: \(B=2x^2-4x+3\)
\(=2\left(x^2-2x+\frac{3}{2}\right)\)
\(=2\left(x^2-2\cdot x\cdot1+1+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(=2\left[\left(x^2-2x\cdot1+1\right)+\frac{1}{2}\right]\)
\(=2\left[\left(x-1\right)^2+\frac{1}{2}\right]\)
\(=2\left(x-1\right)^2+1\)
Ta có: \(\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(x-1\right)^2+1\ge1\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi
\(2\left(x-1\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x-1=0\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
Vậy: x=1
c) Ta có: \(C=x^2+y^2-4x+2y+5\)
\(=x^2-4x+4+y^2+2y+1\)
\(=\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+\left(y^2+2y+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2\)
Ta có: \(\left(x-2\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\left(y+1\right)^2\ge0\forall y\)
Do đó: \(\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2\ge0\forall x,y\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-2\right)^2=0\\\left(y+1\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\\y+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: x=2 và y=-1
Câu 2:
a) Ta có: \(A=-x^2+6x+5\)
\(=-\left(x^2-6x-5\right)\)
\(=-\left(x^2-6x+9-14\right)\)
\(=-\left[\left(x^2-6x+9\right)-14\right]\)
\(=-\left[\left(x-3\right)^2-14\right]\)
\(=-\left(x-3\right)^2+14\)
Ta có: \(\left(x-3\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(x-3\right)^2\le0\forall x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\left(x-3\right)^2+14\le14\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi
\(-\left(x-3\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x-3=0\Leftrightarrow x=3\)
Vậy: GTLN của đa thức \(A=-x^2+6x+5\) là 14 khi x=3
b) Ta có: \(B=-4x^2-9y^2-4x+6y+3\)
\(=-\left(4x^2+9y^2+4x-6y-3\right)\)
\(=-\left(4x^2+4x+1+9y^2-6y+1-5\right)\)
\(=-\left[\left(4x^2+4x+1\right)+\left(9y^2-6y+1\right)-5\right]\)
\(=-\left[\left(2x+1\right)^2+\left(3y-1\right)^2-5\right]\)
\(=-\left(2x+1\right)^2-\left(3y-1\right)^2+5\)
Ta có: \(\left(2x+1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(2x+1\right)^2\le0\forall x\)(1)
Ta có: \(\left(3y-1\right)^2\ge0\forall y\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(3y-1\right)^2\le0\forall y\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra
\(-\left(2x+1\right)^2-\left(3y-1\right)^2\le0\forall x,y\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(2x+1\right)^2-\left(3y-1\right)^2+5\le5\forall x,y\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-\left(2x+1\right)^2=0\\-\left(3y-1\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(2x+1\right)^2=0\\\left(3y-1\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+1=0\\3y-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-1\\3y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{-1}{2}\\y=\frac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: GTLN của đa thức \(B=-4x^2-9y^2-4x+6y+3\) là 5 khi và chỉ khi \(x=\frac{-1}{2}\) và \(y=\frac{1}{3}\)
Câu 3:
a) Ta có: \(x^2+y^2-2x+4y+5=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2-2x+1+y^2+4y+4=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(y^2+4y+4\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-1\right)^2=0\\\left(y+2\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\y+2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: x=1 và y=-2
b) Ta có: \(5x^2+9y^2-12xy-6x+9=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+4x^2+9y^2-12xy-6x+9=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(4x^2+12xy+9y^2\right)+\left(x^2-6x+9\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2x+3y\right)^2+\left(x-3\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(2x+3y\right)^2=0\\\left(x-3\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+3y=0\\x-3=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2\cdot3+3y=0\\x=3\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}6+3y=0\\x=3\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3y=-6\\x=3\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-2\\x=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: x=3 và y=-2
4.a) \(2x^2-10x-3x-2x^2-26=0\)
\(-13x-26=0\Rightarrow-13\left(x+2\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=-2\)
b) \(2\left(x+5\right)-x^2-5x=0\)
\(2x+10-x^2-5x=0\Leftrightarrow-x^2-3x+10=0\)
\(-\left(x^2+3x-10\right)=0\)
\(-\left(x^2-2x+5x-10\right)=-\left(x\left(x-2\right)+5\left(x-2\right)\right)=0\)
\(-\left(x-2\right)\left(x+5\right)=0\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\\x+5=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=-5\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) \(\left(2x-3\right)^2-\left(x+5\right)^2=0\)
\(\left(2x-3-x-5\right)\left(2x-3+x+5\right)=0\)
\(\left(x-8\right)\left(3x+2\right)=0\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-8=0\\3x+2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=8\\x=-\dfrac{2}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
d) \(x^3+x^2-4x-4=0\)
\(x^2\left(x+1\right)-4\left(x+1\right)=0\)
\(\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-4\right)=\left(x+1\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+1=0\\x-2=0\\x+2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\x=2\\x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
g) \(\left(x-1\right)\left(2x+3-x\right)=0\)
\(\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\x+3=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
h) \(x^2-4x+8-2x+1=x^2-6x+9=0\)
\(\left(x-3\right)^2=0\Rightarrow x=3\)
1. a)\(x^2+x-3x-3=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(x-3\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\x=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(a,x^3-16x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x^2-16\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x-4\right)\left(x+4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x-4=0\\x+4=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=4\\x=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(b,x^4-2x^3+10x^2-20x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3\left(x-2\right)+10x\left(x-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x^3+10x\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)x\left(x^2+10\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\\x=0\\x^2+10=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=0\\\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2=10\\x^2=-10\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=0\\x=\sqrt{10}\\x=-\sqrt{10}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(c,\left(2x-1\right)^2=\left(x+3\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2-4x+1=x^2+6x+9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2-4x+1-x^2-6x-9=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2-10x-8=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2-12x+2x-8=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x\left(x-4\right)+2\left(x-4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3x-2\right)\left(x-4\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}3x-2=0\\x-4=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{2}{3}\\x=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Phần d tương tự
Câu a :
\(x^3-16x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x^2-4^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left[\left(x+4\right)\left(x-4\right)\right]=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(x=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(x+4=0\Rightarrow x=-4\)
\(\Rightarrow x-4=0\Rightarrow x=4\)
Câu b :
\(x^4-2x^3+10x^2-20x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3\left(x-2\right)+10x\left(x-2\right)\) \(=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x^3+10x\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2+10\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=0\)
\(\left(x-2\right)=0\Rightarrow x=2\)
\(x^2+10=0\) \(\Rightarrow\) x ( loại )
1) +) ta có : \(A=2x^2+9y^2-6xy-6x-12y+2018\)
\(=x^2+9y^2+4-6xy+4x-12y+x^2-10x+25+1989\)
\(=\left(x-3y+2\right)^2+\left(x-5\right)^2+1989\ge1989\)
\(\Rightarrow A_{min}=1989\) khi \(x=5;y=\dfrac{7}{3}\)
câu này mk sửa đề chút nha
+) ta có : \(B=-x^2+2xy-4y^2+2x+10y-8\)
\(=-\left(x^2+y^2+1-2xy-2x+2y\right)-3\left(y^2-4y+4\right)+5\)
\(=-\left(x-y-1\right)^2-3\left(y-2\right)^2+5\le5\)
\(\Rightarrow B_{max}=5\) khi \(y=2;x=3\)
2) a) ta có : \(x^2+y^2=5=\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy=5\Leftrightarrow9-2xy=5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy=2\)
ta có : \(x^3+y^3=\left(x+y\right)^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)=3^3-3.2.3=9\)
b) ta có : \(x^2+y^2=15=\left(x-y\right)^2+2xy=15\Leftrightarrow25+2xy=15\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy=-5\)
ta có : \(x^3-y^3=\left(x-y\right)^3+3xy\left(x-y\right)=5^3+3\left(-5\right).5=50\)
Sorry Ngân Chu, đoạn chia hết cho 120 thì thêm cả chia hết cho 2 nữa, nên nhân vào mới ra 120 nhé!!
Bài 1:
a, (n + 3)2 - (n - 1)2
= (n + 3 - n + 1)(n + 3 + n - 1)
= 4(2n - 2)
= 8(n - 1)
Vì 8 \(⋮\) 8 nên 8(n - 1) \(⋮\) 8 với n \(\in\) Z
b, n5 - 5n3 + 4n
= n(n4 - 5n2 + 4)
= n(n4 - n2 - 4n2 + 4)
= n[n2(n2 - 1) - 4(n2 - 1)]
= n(n2 - 1)(n2 - 4)
= n(n - 1)(n + 1)(n - 2)(n + 2)
= (n - 2)(n - 1)n(n + 1)(n + 2)
Vì (n - 2)(n - 1)n(n + 1)(n + 2) là tích của 5 số nguyên liên tiếp nên chia hết cho 3, 5, 8
Mà 3 x 5 x 8 = 120
\(\Rightarrow\) (n - 2)(n - 1)n(n + 1)(n + 2) \(⋮\) 120 hay n5 - 5n3 + 4n \(⋮\) 120 với n \(\in\) Z
Bài 2:
a, 4x(x + 1) = 8(x + 1)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) 4x(x + 1) - 8(x + 1) = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (x + 1)(4x - 8) = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) 4(x + 1)(x - 2) = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (x + 1)(x - 2) = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+1=0\\x-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy S = {-1; 2}
b, x2 - 6x + 8 = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) x2 - 6x + 9 - 1 = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (x - 3)2 - 1 = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (x - 3 - 1)(x - 3 + 1) = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (x - 4)(x - 2) = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-4=0\\x-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy S = {4; 2}
c, x3 + x2 + x + 1 = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) x2(x + 1) + (x + 1) = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (x + 1)(x2 + 1) = 0
Vì x2 + 1 > 0 với mọi x
\(\Rightarrow\) x + 1 = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) x = -1
Vậy S = {-1}
d, x3 - 7x - 6 = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) x3 - x - 6x - 6 = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (x3 - x) - (6x + 6) = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) x(x2 - 1) - 6(x + 1) = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) x(x - 1)(x + 1) - 6(x + 1) = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (x + 1)[x(x - 1) - 6] = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (x + 1)(x2 - x - 6) = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (x + 1)(x2 - 3x + 2x - 6) = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (x + 1)[x(x - 3) + 2(x - 3)] = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (x + 1)(x - 3)(x + 2) = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+1=0\\x-3=0\\x+2=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\x=3\\x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy S = {-1; 3; -2}
Câu e hình như bạn viết nhầm 2 lần số 17x thì phải, mình sửa lại rồi!!
e, 3x3 - 7x2 + 17x - 5 = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) 3x3 - x2 - 6x2 + 2x + 15x - 5 = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (3x3 - x2) + (-6x2 + 2x) + (15x - 5) = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) x2(3x - 1) - 2x(3x - 1) + 5(3x - 1) = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (3x - 1)(x2 - 2x + 5) = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (3x - 1)(x2 - 2x + \(\frac{1}{4}\) + \(\frac{19}{4}\)) = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (3x - 1)[(x - \(\frac{1}{2}\))2 + \(\frac{19}{4}\)] = 0
Vì (x - \(\frac{1}{2}\))2 + \(\frac{19}{4}\) > 0 với mọi x nên
\(\Rightarrow\) 3x - 1 = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) x = \(\frac{1}{3}\)
Vậy S = {\(\frac{1}{3}\)}
Bài 3:
Hình như phần a thì 16(1 - x) mới đúng chứ!!
a, x2(x - 1) + 16(1 - x)
= x2(x - 1) - 16(x - 1)
= (x - 1)(x2 - 16)
= (x - 1)(x - 4)(x + 4)
Câu b, d, g mình chịu, hình như đề sai thì phải, mình ko nghĩ ra được!!
c, x3 - 3x2 - 3x + 1
= (x3 + 1) - (3x2 + 3x)
= (x + 1)(x2 + x + 1) - 3x(x + 1)
= (x + 1)(x2 + x + 1 - 3x)
= (x + 1)(x2 - 2x + 1)
= (x + 1)(x - 1)(x - 1)
e, x4 - 13x2 + 36
= x4 - 4x2 - 9x2 + 36
= x2(x2 - 4) - 9(x2 - 4)
= (x2 - 4)(x2 - 9)
= (x - 2)(x + 2)(x - 3)(x + 3)
f, (x2 + x)2 + 4x2 + 4x - 12
= (x2 + x)2 + 4x2 + 4x + 4 - 16
= (x2 + x)2 + 4(x2 + x) + 4 - 16
= (x2 + x + 2)2 - 16
= (x2 + x + 2 - 4)(x2 + x + 2 + 4)
= (x2 + x - 2)(x2 + x + 6)
a) \(x^3-5x^2+8x-4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3-x^2-4x^2+4x+4x-4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x-1\right)-4x\left(x-1\right)+4\left(x-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2-4x+4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)^2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\\left(x-2\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy nghiệm của phương trình là: \(x=\left\{1;2\right\}\)
b: =>2x^3+2x^2-3x^2-3x+6x+6=0
=>(x+1)(2x^2-3x+6)=0
=>x+1=0
=>x=-1
c: =>(x^2+x)^2+(x^2+x)-6=0
=>(x^2+x-2)=0
=>(x+2)(x-1)=0
=>x=1 hoặc x=-2
d: =>(x^2-4x-3)(x^2-4x-5)=0
=>(x-5)(x+1)(x^2-4x-3)=0
hay \(x\in\left\{2+\sqrt{7};2-\sqrt{7};5;-1\right\}\)
Bài 1:
\(x^2+y^2-2x-4y+5=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x^2-2x+1)+(y^2-4y+4)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x-1)^2+(y-2)^2=0\)
Vì $(x-1)^2; (y-2)^2\geq 0$ với mọi $x,y\in\mathbb{R}$ nên để tổng của chúng bằng $0$ thì $(x-1)^2=(y-2)^2=0$
$\Rightarrow x=1; y=2$
Vậy...........
Bài 2:
Ta có:
\(a(a-b)+b(b-c)+c(c-a)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 2a(a-b)+2b(b-c)+2c(c-a)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a^2-2ab+b^2)+(b^2-2bc+c^2)+(c^2-2ca+a^2)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (a-b)^2+(b-c)^2+(c-a)^2=0\)
Lập luận tương tự bài 1, ta suy ra :
\((a-b)^2=(b-c)^2=(c-a)^2=0\Rightarrow a=b=c\)
Khi đó, thay $b=c=a$ ta có:
\(P=a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc+3ab-3c+5\)
\(=3a^3-3a^3+3a^2-3a+5=3a^2-3a+5\)
\(=3(a^2-a+\frac{1}{4})+\frac{17}{4}=3(a-\frac{1}{2})^2+\frac{17}{4}\geq \frac{17}{4}\)
Vậy $P_{\min}=\frac{17}{4}$
Giá trị này đạt được tại $b=c=a=\frac{1}{2}$