Read the text and choose the correct answer.

Preparing for Droughts

Droughts (1) _______ when there has not been enough rainfall, and the water levels get low. They can happen anywhere, and droughts increase the (2) _______ of other hazards, like wildfires, flash floods, and possible landslides or debris flows.

Before

- (3) _______ water down the drain! There may be another use for it, like watering indoor plants.

- If you (4) _______ to play in the sprinkler, water the lawn, but not the driveway or sidewalk.

During

- Listen to the rules from authorities. They want to make sure there's enough water for the things we really need.

- Take short showers, not baths. Showers use (5) _______ water.

- Don't let the water run when you brush your teeth.

- Take a break from your outdoor water toys. When the drought ends, you can play with (6) _______ again.

Read the text and choose the correct answer.

Typhoon Haiyan

Typhoon Haiyan in 2013 was one of the strongest typhoons ever recorded in the world. After sweeping through the Philippines, Typhoon Haiyan entered the East Sea with wind speeds exceeding level 17.

The typhoon passed through the sea areas of Thanh Hoa, Nam Dinh, and Thai Binh and made landfall in Hai Phong-Quang Ninh, Vietnam, causing 18 deaths, two missing persons, and 93 injuries.

Typhoon Haiyan also resulted in 149 collapsed houses, swept away houses, and 4,567 flooded houses; 3,828 hectares of rice fields and 52,363 hectares of crops were damaged.

Typhoon Son Tinh

Typhoon Son Tinh hit Vietnam in 2012. As it approached the coastal areas of Ninh Binh, Nam Dinh, and Thai Binh provinces, the typhoon remained strong at levels 11-12, with winds occasionally gusting up to level 14.

Typhoon Son Tinh caused eight deaths, two missing persons, and 90 injuries. It resulted in 429 collapsed and swept away houses and 60,404 houses with damaged roofs. Additionally, more than 33,953 hectares of rice fields and 90,616 hectares of crops were damaged.

Typhoon Ketsana

Typhoon Ketsana landed in Vietnam in 2009, centered in the Quang Nam-Quang Ngai region.

The typhoon resulted in 179 deaths, 1,140 injuries, and eight missing persons.

Typhoon Ketsana also caused 9,770 houses to collapse, be swept away, or damaged, and 263,565 houses flooded, damaged, or with damaged roofs. Additionally, 42,915 hectares of rice fields and 58,724 hectares of crop areas were flooded.

According to the passage,

Read the text and decide if each statement is True, False, or Not Given.

1. Volcanoes are large mountains that are made from rock and ash. They have a lot of activities deep inside! On the top of the mountain is a large hole that opens downward to a pool of molten magma. As the magma builds up, deep in the core of the earth, gas bubbles are formed. These bubbles exert pressure that builds and builds until magma eventually escapes by shooting up through the volcano. Once magma escapes from a volcano, it is called lava.

2. There are approximately 1,500 potentially active volcanoes around the world. They can erupt at any point. Out of the active volcanoes, 452 of these volcanoes are located in a string around the Pacific Ocean, also known as the “Ring of Fire.”

3. Volcanoes don't just occur on land. They can also be found on the ocean floor. The tallest volcano in the world is Mauna Kea. It is approximately 33,500 feet from the base on the ocean floor to the summit. Erupting volcanoes can be dangerous but also beneficial. They can trigger earthquakes, landslides, and tsunamis in other areas. But volcanic ash also contains minerals that can nourish plants and bring nutrients to the surrounding soil.

Read the text and choose the correct answer.

1. The word tsunami comes from Japan and means 'harbor wave,' 'tsu' meaning harbor, and 'nami' meaning wave. A tsunami is a series of giant waves which grow stronger and bigger as they move through the ocean. Earthquakes beneath the ocean floor most commonly cause them on top of the tectonic plates on the Earth's crust. Volcanic eruptions and ocean floor landslides can also cause tsunamis.

2. Tsunamis are one of the Earth's most powerful natural destructive forces. They can travel through the ocean as fast as a jet plane at speeds up to 970 kmh. Although tsunamis are sometimes called tidal waves, they have nothing to do with the tide.

3. If a tsunami happens in the open ocean, the waves can be as small as one meter, and as they travel towards the shore, they grow in size. The waves of a tsunami can grow up to 35m, the same height as six giraffes! Once a tsunami reaches land, it can travel long distances; this is called the wavelength. A tsunami's wavelength can be anything from 150 m to 1000 km. It moves quickly, can destroy buildings, and can carry debris, such as trees, rubble, and vehicles, adding to the devastation.

4. Many places that experience tsunamis have official warning systems. The main one is based in Hawaii and is called the Pacific Tsunami Warning System. Its job is to track earthquakes, which may cause tsunamis, and alert everyone to act. Other warnings include signs, sirens, and media announcements.